Terminology


Vertical Machining Center (VMC)

1. What is a Vertical Machining Center?

A Vertical Machining Center (VMC) is a machining center where the spindle is oriented vertically. The spindle refers to the milling spindle which holds and rotates the cutting tool. This differs from a turning spindle which holds and rotates the workpiece.

The image below shows a typical vertical machining center - the DNM 5700 from DN Solutions. The photo shows the machine with its safety door open, revealing the workpiece table and the vertically oriented milling spindle above it.

DN Solutions DNM 5700 VMC

Image: DN Solutions DNM 5700 Vertical Machining Center

2. Key Components of Vertical Machining Centers

2.1 Milling spindle

2.1.1 Machine Structure Types

2.1.1.1 C-frame Structure

The most common structure offering good rigidity and cost-effectiveness.

2.1.1.2 Double Column Structure

Features two columns providing superior rigidity and stability for heavy-duty machining.

2.1.1.3 Portal Structure

Consists of a bed with two vertical columns supporting a cross-rail (Y-axis). The spindle moves vertically (Z-axis) on this cross-rail.

2.1.1.4 Portal with Z-axis Cross Rail

Similar to portal structure but with the Z-axis movement provided by a cross rail between the columns.

Pinnacle DU1412 VMC

Pinnacle DU1412 Portal-type VMC

2.1.1.5 Gantry Structure

All three linear axes (XYZ) are mounted on the upper structure, ideal for large workpiece machining.

2.1.1.6 High-Column Gantry

Gantry structure with elevated columns for extra Z-axis clearance.

2.1.1.7 Small Gantry

Compact gantry structure where the X-axis moves across the columns.

2.1.1.8 Moving Column

All three linear axes (XYZ) are constructed on a single moving column.

3. Classification by Axis Configuration

VMCs are categorized based on their axis configurations:

3.1 3-Axis VMC

Basic configuration with X, Y, and Z linear axes.

3.2 4-Axis VMC

Adds one rotational axis (A, B, or C) to the standard 3 linear axes.

3.3 5-Axis VMC

Features 3 linear axes plus 2 rotational axes for complex contour machining.

3.4 5-Axis Mill-Turn VMC

5-axis configuration that incorporates turning capabilities on the rotary table.

4. Machine Configuration Concept

The diagram below illustrates the key components of a modern VMC:

VMC Configuration Diagram

Conceptual Diagram of Vertical Machining Center

Key Components:

H1: Milling spindle #1
H2: Milling spindle #2
R1: Ram #1
R2: Ram #2
RT1: Rotary table #1
RT2: Rotary table #2
T1: Tool post #1
T2: Tool post #2
T3: Tool post #3
T4: Tool post #4
TB1: Table #1
TB2: Table #2
XYZABC: Machine axes
F: Machine frame
CR: Cross rail

5. Types of Vertical Machining Centers

5.1 Conventional Vertical Milling Machine

Manual operation with handwheels, without CNC control.

5.2 Semi-CNC Vertical Milling Machine

Combines manual operation with basic CNC capabilities.

Fryer MB-14Q Semi-CNC Mill

Fryer MB-14Q Semi-CNC Vertical Mill

5.3 3-Axis CNC Vertical Milling Machine

CNC-controlled but lacks automatic tool changing (ATC).

5.4 3-Axis Vertical Machining Center

5.4.1 Turret-type 3-Axis VMC

Features a rotating turret for tool indexing rather than a traditional ATC.

SUGINO V6 Turret VMC

SUGINO V6 Turret-type VMC

5.5 5-Axis Vertical Machining Center

5.5.1 C-frame 5-Axis VMC

Compact 5-axis configuration with rotary axes on both head and table.

(VMC)3AX
1 Milling spindle

No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton
17:24 taper No. 400~500AllSUBMIT
27:24 taper No. 40500~600AllSUBMIT
37:24 taper No. 40600~700AllSUBMIT
47:24 taper No. 40700~800AllSUBMIT
57:24 taper No. 40800~900AllSUBMIT
67:24 taper No. 401000~1100AllSUBMIT
77:24 taper No. 401100~1200AllSUBMIT
87:24 taper No. 401200~1300AllSUBMIT
97:24 taper No. 401300~1300AllSUBMIT
107:24 taper No. 401400~1500AllSUBMIT
117:24 taper No. 401500~1600AllSUBMIT


1 Milling spindle Bed type
No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton


1 Milling spindle C-frame
No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton
17:24 taper No. 400~500C-frameSUBMIT
27:24 taper No. 40500~600C-frameSUBMIT
37:24 taper No. 40600~700C-frameSUBMIT
47:24 taper No. 40700~800C-frameSUBMIT
57:24 taper No. 40800~900C-frameSUBMIT
67:24 taper No. 401000~1100C-frameSUBMIT
77:24 taper No. 401100~1200C-frameSUBMIT
87:24 taper No. 401200~1300C-frameSUBMIT
97:24 taper No. 401300~1300C-frameSUBMIT
107:24 taper No. 401400~1500C-frameSUBMIT
117:24 taper No. 401500~1600C-frameSUBMIT


1 Milling spindle Double column

No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton
17:24 taper No. 40600~700Double columnSUBMIT
27:24 taper No. 40700~800Double columnSUBMIT
37:24 taper No. 40800~900Double columnSUBMIT
47:24 taper No. 40900~1000Double columnSUBMIT
57:24 taper No. 401000~1100Double columnSUBMIT


1 Milling spindle Gantry

No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton
17:24 taper No. 503000~4000GantrySUBMIT
27:24 taper No. 504000~5000GantrySUBMIT
37:24 taper No. 505000~6000GantrySUBMIT
47:24 taper No. 506000~7000GantrySUBMIT
57:24 taper No. 507000~8000GantrySUBMIT
67:24 taper No. 508000~9000GantrySUBMIT
77:24 taper No. 509000~10000GantrySUBMIT
87:24 taper No. 5010000~12000GantrySUBMIT
97:24 taper No. 5012000~14000GantrySUBMIT
107:24 taper No. 5014000~16000GantrySUBMIT
117:24 taper No. 5016000~18000GantrySUBMIT
127:24 taper No. 5018000~20000GantrySUBMIT
137:24 taper No. 5020000~22000GantrySUBMIT


1 Milling spindle Knee type
No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton


1 Milling spindle Moving column(XYZ)
No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton


1 Milling spindle Planer type
No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton


1 Milling spindle Portal

No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton
17:24 taper No. 501000~1500PortalSUBMIT
27:24 taper No. 501500~2000PortalSUBMIT
37:24 taper No. 502000~3000PortalSUBMIT
47:24 taper No. 503000~4000PortalSUBMIT
57:24 taper No. 504000~5000PortalSUBMIT
67:24 taper No. 505000~6000PortalSUBMIT
77:24 taper No. 506000~7000PortalSUBMIT


1 Milling spindle Small gantry
No.Milling spindle taperStroke XStructurebutton



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